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i am so tired

why did i make this for my classmates
What is Chemistry?
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What is matter?
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Examples of non-matter:
•Energy
•Light
•Time
•Sound

4 Branches of Chemistry:

1. Physical Chemistry
2. Organic Chemistry
3. Inorganic Chemistry
5. Bio Chemistry
6. Analytical Chemistry

Physical Chemistry:
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Organic Chemistry:
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Inorganic Chemistry:
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Biochemistry:
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Analytical chemistry:
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Laboratory Apparatus:

NOTE: the amount of descriptions (like: -) is from my notes you can add or delete any

Graduated Cylinder
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Beaker
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Test Tubes
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Erlenmeyer Flask
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Florence Flask
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Watch Glass
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Crucible and Cover
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Medicine Dropper
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Funnel
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Stirring Rod
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Mortar and Pestle
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Evaporating Dish
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Glass Tubes
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Alcohol, Mercury Thermometer/Thermometer
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Iron Set Up
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Parts of Iron Set Up:
1.
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2.
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3.
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4.
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5.

Wire Gauze
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Tripod
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Bunsen Burner
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Alcohol Lamp
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Test Tube Rack
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Test Tube Brush
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Crucible Tongs
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Rubber Tubing
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Cork
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Rubber Stopper
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Lab Techniques:

1. Transferring Solid Chemicals

a. Reagent Bottles
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b. Using Paper
1.

2. Transferring Liquids

a. Big Containers
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b. Small Containers
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c. Medicine droppers/Pipette
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3. Heating Liquids

a. Use Test Tube Holder (Bunsen Burners and Alcohol Lamps):
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?How to turn off Alcohol Lamps?
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4. Seperating Solid from Liquid
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a. Filter Paper
1.

Residue:
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Filtrate:
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b. Decantation

5. Preparing Saturated Solutions

Unsaturated
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Saturated
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Supersaturated
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6. Determining Odor
Be careful: Why?
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a. Smell it from a Distance
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The Scientific Method

How do Scientists solve problems efficiently? (Clue: Its not just up there)
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•Scientific Method
- A Series of Organized Steps (1-7)

1. Make an Observation
2. Identify the Problem
3. Gather Preliminary Data
4. Formulating a Hypothesis
5. Test the Hypothesis
6. Collect and Analyze Data
7. Draw a Conclusion

1. Make an Observation
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A way of what?:
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Can be 2 things:
1.
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Example: The paper is smooth.
2.
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Example: 1 cup of rice.

2. Identify the Problem
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3. Gather Preliminary Data
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4. Formulating a Hypothesis
- (Clue: If ______________, then __________.)
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5. Test the Hypothesis/Conducting Experiment
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What is a Controlled Experiment?:
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What is an Uncontrolled Experiment?:
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Differences between Independent Variable and a Dependent Variable:
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Examples:

6. Collect and Analyze Data
- (Remember: Data in this step are usually presented in table or graph. Ex: Line, Bar, Pie)
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7. Draw a Conclusion
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(Preferable to watch the lecture Sir Joshua required us to watch)

2 Main Classifications of Matter.

1. Pure Substances
2. Mixtures

•Pure Substances
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Examples:
1.

•Mixtures
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Examples:
1.

Under Pure Substances:
•Elements (118)
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3 main classifications of elements:
1.
2. Non-
3. loids
• Compounds
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2 main classifications of compounds:
1. A
2. B

Under Mixtures:
•1 appearance
- = Solution

•2 or more appearances
- = Colloids
Suspensions

Solutions
Example: Sugar + Water
Amount of appearances at first:
Amount of appearances when mixed:

(NOTE: I think appearances can also mean components.)

Colloids
Example: Milk + Water
Amount of appearances at first:
Amount of appearances when mixed:
Amount of appearances overtime:

Suspensions
Example: Rocks + Water
Amount of appearances at first:
Amount of appearances when mixed:

(I was absent after this, tell me if I missed anything psl plsplsplspslsl)

Terms and Definitions:

Molecule
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Law of Definite Proportion
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Electrolysis
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Tyndall Effect
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Mixtures

Seperating Mixture types:

1. Physical Manipulation
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Example:

2. Magnetic Seperation
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3. Filitration
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4. Decantation
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- The solid should be what?

5. Evaporation
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6. Distillation
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What is a solution?
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Solid solution examples:
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Gasious solutions examples:
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Liquid solutions examples:
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Solute and Solvent:
1. Solute
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2. Solvent
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Solubility
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Factors for your Solubility:
•Nature of your solute or solvent
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Examplea of different Nature:
Liquids:
Water and oil
Solid:
Sugar and oil

• Temperature
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• Pressure
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•Rate of Dissolution
1. St
2. Ag
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The size of the solute particles
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The amount of the solute particles
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•Concentration of Solution
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Examples:
In gold, there are only 10% of pure gold.

•Percentage by Mass
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Acids and Bases

Acid Properties:
1.
Example: Vinegar, Lemon Juice
2.
Example: Muriatic Acid
3.
Leads to: Irritation
4. ( ) smell
5. ( ) conductors of electricity
6. Reacts with:
- to produce what:

Bases Properties:
1. ( ) taste
2.
Leads to: Irritation
3. ( ) texture
4. ( ) smell
5. ( ) conductors of electricity
6. Reacts with:
- to produce what:

How to find if a component is an Acid or a Base?
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Two types:
Blue - Basic/Neutral
Red - Acidic/Neutral

Terms and Definitions

•Neutralization
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- Should be:

•Amphoteric Compound
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Examples:
Water
- Not a fixed Neutral

•Arrhenius Theory
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1. Arrhenius Acid:
- If you mix a ( ) with ( )
- It will form: (Clue: H+)
More ( ) = More Acidic

Equeous Solution
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2. Arrhenius Base:
- If you mix a ( ) with ( )
- It will form: (Clue: OH-)
More ( ) = More Basic

Six Strong Acids:
1. (Clue: HCI)
2. (Clue: HBr)
3. (Clue: HI)
4. (Clue: HNO3)
5. (Clue: HCIO4)
6. (Clue: H2SO4)

Four Strong Bases
1. (Clue: NaOH)
2. (Clue: KOH)
3. (Clue: Mg(OH)2)
4. (Clue: Ca(OH2)

Ph Scale
Scales what?:
-
Scales what else?:
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Numbers of strong Acidic:
Numbers of weak Acidic:
Numbers of Neutral:
Numbers of weak Basic:
Numbers of strong Basic:

Note:
From Red to Yellow to Green to Blue to Purple

Acid-Base indicator
Natural indicators:
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Examples:
Eggplant Peel
Violet Camote Leaves
Radish Skin
Red Cabbage
- Color may what?:

Ph Indicators
Found in the lab:
1.
- Acid = Colorless
- Basic = Pink
2.
- Acid = Yellow
- Basic = Blue
3.
- Acid = Red
- Basic = Orange

Metals, Non-Metals, Metalloids
- Where are they from?:

Colors of the elements: I dont know why.
Metals
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Non-Metals
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Metalloids
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Properties of Metals:
1.
- Free flow of what in the atoms?:
?How is the light reflected?
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2.
- Why?: Particles are compact

3.
- Why?: Particles are compact, and you need energy for them to seperate

4.
- (Clue: Wires)

5.
- (Clue: Can be formed without breaking. Whats it called?)

6.
- The electrons allow them to pass through, that is why.

7.
- It makes metals very heavy and hard. Whats it called?
Why?
(Clue: Pressure. Number of particles hitting eachother.)

Properties of Non-Metals:
1.
- (Clue: Some can be, but not all)

2. Either exists as a what at room temperature? (3):

3. I didnt write down if it had high boiling point.

4 and 5.
(Clue: Breaks easily. Whats that called?)

6.
- No free electrons are present, that is why.

7.
- Lesser than Metals'

Properties of Metalloids (i dont have notes for this LOL)
mid

Semimetals
eight types:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

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